Transition Energy, Orientation Force and Work Done in Transitional Behavior Atoms: Formulating New Principles in Thermodynamics

Studying basic parameters of heat and thermodynamics can explore new insights into science. Gaseous and solid atoms under transitional behaviors can explore remarkable advances in chemical and physical sciences. An anomaly in the first law of thermodynamics can be recognized explicitly when the transitional behaviors of atoms are in the study. By gaining transition energy, gaseous atoms undertake a transition state. Hence, the work performed by the gaseous atoms. Symbolically, a plus sign is needed to use for it. However, the transitions in solid atoms occur because of the absorbing transition energy. So, the work performance is in the minus sign. A force exerted on the gaseous atom electron is different from on the solid atom electron, where transition energy changes the potential energy of that electron, thus controlling the orientation force. An anomaly resolves by changing the equations of internal energy. On attaining the mid-states, gaseous and solid atoms introduce cooling and heat effects in elastically driven electronic states. A transition state between re-crystallization and liquid states can be considered a mid-state. In generating cooling or heating energy, an electron executes dynamics by remaining within the occupied energy knot. Thus, constantly driven electronic states of atoms cause disorder and irreversible cycles. The study presents a basic understanding of the first law of thermodynamics, cold and heat energy, entropy, and condensed matter science at the atomic and electronic levels under a new insight.