From soft ionization mass spectrometry to “chemical bond” and resistance, semiconductor, superconductivity -- the law of charge motion in phase transition under weak electric field

The movement law of charge in different states (phase transition,for example,gas phase,liquid phase and solid phase,etc.) under weak electric field is important for us to understand ion source,mass spectrometer,electrophoresis,resistance,conductor,semiconductor,superconductivity phenomenon,etc.