Graphitic C6N6-Based Copper Single Atom Catalyst Mimicking Adaptability of Nature for Dynamic Biosensors

Living systems can perceive and respond to environmental stimuli through multiple reaction pathways. Mimicking such adaptability from nature is highly envisioned in artificial intelligent chemical devices. However, the inconsistency of reaction conditions hampers the effective coupling of hybridized system with multiple reaction pathways. Herein, we reported a CuSAC6N6 single-atom catalyst with multiple oxygen-oriented reaction pathways that emerged as an intriguing way to address the challenges of conditions inconsistency. CuSAC6N6 could not only drive primary substrate oxidation with Cu-bound oxygen as intermediates but also undertake a second gain reaction under light stimuli, involving intermediates of free reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the same conditions. Notably, CuSAC6N6 demonstrated remarkable primary activity and a superb gain of up to 3.6 times under light stimuli. It was significantly higher by a factor of 80% than that under acknowledged temperature inducement with an increase of 30 oC from room temperature. As a proof-of-concept application, under light stimuli of different intensities, CuSAC6N6 was successfully applied to a single glucose sensor with adjustable sensitivity (5×10^-6 - 6×10^-3 M) and limit of detection (1.20-195.02 μM) precisely response to a diverse range of concentrations in vitro.