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Frank-van der Merwe Growth in Bilayer Graphene

11 August 2021, Version 2
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Bilayer graphene has attracted significant interest due to its unique properties, including fascinating electrical behavior when one layer is slightly rotated relative to the other. However, the quality of large-area bilayer graphene is often limited by the layer-plus-island growth mode in which islands of thicker graphene present as unavoidable impurities. Here, we report the observation of the layer-by-layer, Frank-van der Merwe (FM) growth mode in bilayer graphene where multilayer impurities are suppressed. Instead of the conventional surface adhesive energy, it is found that interface adhesive energy is possible to be tuned with an oxidative pretreatment. The FM-grown bilayer graphene is of AB-stacking or with small-twisting-angle (θ = 0-5°), which is more mechanically robust compared to monolayer graphene, facilitating a free-standing wet transfer technology.

Keywords

Graphene
CVD
Transfer
Raman
Machine Learning

Supplementary materials

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Supplementary Materials
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Supplementary Text Figs. S1 to S14 References Captions for Movies S1 to S3
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Movie S1
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Demonstration of Marangoni-enabled bilayer graphene transfer.
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Movie S2
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Simulated Marangoni flow passing through a single layer graphene film.
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Movie S3
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Simulated Marangoni flow passing through a defective bilayer graphene film.
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