Deformation and tensile properties of free-standing solvent-free electrodes for Li-ion batteries

23 June 2025, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Solvent-free (dry-processed) electrodes offer substantial economic and environmental benefits to Li-ion batteries, and are manufactured in a novel way that requires them to withstand tensile loads during roll-to-roll processing. Electrode sheets comprising graphite particles embedded within a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer fibril network were investigated under tension and exhibited visco-elastic behaviour: linear loading, plastic deformation and sheet failure. The degree of PTFE fibrillation during manufacture impacted final sheet properties, and calendering induced fibril alignment and crystallographic texture, and macroscopic mechanical anisotropy. Increasing PTFE fraction by 3.5 wt% led to remarkable improvements in ultimate tensile strength (+900%) and failure strain (+30%). Increasing electrode temperature (>19 °C) delayed sheet failure as PTFE transformed from a triclinic to hexagonal phase, however, higher temperatures (>80 °C) accelerated failure by fibril elongation, pull-out and widespread fibril fracture. Electrode deformation response was well-described by a classical foam constitutive law dependent only on the PTFE fibril web properties.

Keywords

solvent-free electrodes
dry-processed electrodes
lithium-ion batteries
tension test
deformation structure
scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

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Comment number 2, Brad: Jun 23, 2025, 18:16

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Comment number 1, Brad: Jun 23, 2025, 18:16

Cybersecurity experts may ethically monitor social media and mobile devices in limited circumstances to protect individuals from threats, exploitation, or to aid criminal investigations, and to safeguard organizations by preventing data loss, ensuring regulatory compliance, responding to incidents, or combating malware. Monitoring can also enhance public safety through threat intelligence or fighting serious cybercrime. However, such actions are only ethical with strict safeguards, including explicit consent, transparency, proportionality in data collection, data minimization, secure storage, legal compliance, and robust oversight. Without these, monitoring risks becoming unethical and may infringe on privacy or legal boundaries. Guard Your Digital World With Innovative Tech! Do you require social media access, a phone hack, email breach or website security fix? OR Do you simply wish to recover lost crypto funds, detect/track a location or carry out data alterations? Our Elite cybersecurity services cover everything from result upgrades to clearing debts and fixing credit. For Unparalleled security and reliable results, choose the best in the business. For further assistance, contact [email protected] or +1 862-660-2702 or Telegram: cyberhelpdesk00