Automated Learning of a Dense Manifold of Electronic States and Electronic Energy Transfer and Reactions in Singlet O Collisions with N2

11 June 2025, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Calculations of collisions involving excited electronic states play an important role in many high-energy environments, for example in simulating thermal energy content and heat flux in flows around hypersonic re-entry vehicles, and useful data is usually not available from either experiment or theory. In this work, compatibilization by deep neural network (CDNN) – an automatic coupled potential energy surface (PESs) learning method – is used to discover and fit an underlying adiabatic-equivalent compatible potential energy matrix (CPEM) for singlet oxygen collisions with N2 in the singlet A′ manifold of N2O. The procedure yields not only a fit to the CPEM and its gradient but also analytic representations of the adiabatic surfaces, and their gradients. The problem is challenging because we consider high-energy collisions involving a 13-state dense manifold of electronic states. Using the resulting representation of the PESs and their analytic gradients, we calculated electronically nonadiabatic cross sections for N2(X) + O(singlet S) collisions for various initial conditions by using a new asymptotically extended formulation of the curvature-driven coherent switching with decay of mixing (CSDM) semiclassical dynamics method, which needs only the adiabatic potential energy surfaces to compute the coupling between electronic states and resolves the conflict between differing symmetries of the interacting atom-diatom system and the completely separated final states. This application also opens the way for treating other difficult problems involving electronic energy transfer and reactions of electronically excited species at high energy for various applications in chemistry, physics, materials, and engineering.

Keywords

potential energy surfaces
coupled electronic states
electronically adiabatic cross sections
chemical reaction
electronic energy transfer

Supplementary materials

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Description
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Supporting information
Description
Details and fitted parameters of the diatomic fits, experimental dissociation energy of N2O, XMS-CASPT2 energies, example input files; more plots of potentials; error bars on cross sections; number of pointer-state switches for different pairs of states; numbers of trajectories with 1, 2, and 3 pointer-state switches of each initial condition.
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zip file with five additional supporting information files
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internuclear distances of N2O (in Å) for the final fitting data set; adiabatic potential energies of the 13 singlet A′ states in eV for the final fitting data set; an example input file for SA-CASSCF calculations of 13 singlet A′ states for N2O; an example input file for CASPT2 calculation of 13 1A′ states for N2O by reading the CASSCF wave function information file generated by CASSCF calculations; the Cartesian coordinate file for 1Ap_N2O_CASSCF.inp
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