A Novel Core–Shell (Ni/ZnO–ZrO₂)@Co Nanocatalyst for High-Performance Dry Reforming of Methane

The increasing global demand for energy and the environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions have intensified interest in efficient catalytic processes for methane reforming. This study explores the dry reforming of methane (DRM), a reaction that utilizes methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) to produce synthesis gas (H₂ and CO). A nanostructured catalyst featuring a Ni@Co core–shell architecture supported on ZnO–ZrO₂ was synthesized using a multi-step process involving hydrothermal treatment, metal impregnation, calcination, and hydrogen reduction. The choice of nickel and cobalt aimed to leverage potential synergistic effects, while ZnO and ZrO₂ served as thermally stable, high-surface-area supports to promote dispersion and structural durability. The catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), confirming the successful formation of the intended structure. SEM images revealed well-dispersed nanoparticles, while TGA indicated good thermal stability under elevated temperatures. These findings demonstrate that the Ni@Co/ZnO–ZrO₂ catalyst is a viable platform for DRM, with promising structural and thermal properties that support further investigation into its long-term performance and potential applications in syngas production.