A Short Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core Common to Lycopodine-Like Lycopodium Alkaloids: Discovery of a Separable Pair of Keto-Enol Tautomers

04 June 2025, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

The effective synthesis of strained Lycopodium alkaloids bearing lycopodine-like frameworks, categorized as miscellaneous, continues to pose significant synthetic challenges. Herein, we outline a concise and scalable strategy for the construction of the ABC tricyclic core of this class of natural products, which is amenable to asymmetric synthesis. A tandem Michael–Claisen condensation enables rapid assembly of the core structure while offering prospects for derivatization. In the process, a pair of keto-enol tautomers that could be separated and characterized at room temperature was discovered.

Keywords

Lycopodine
annotinolide
annotinine
lannotinidine
Lycopodium
Lycopodium alkaloid

Supplementary materials

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This document contains detailed procedures, characterization data for new compounds, details for X-ray crystal structures and CCDC deposition, DFT, and the processed NMR spectra.
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