Free Energy Simulations to Quantitatively Study Biomolecule Stability and Binding

19 May 2025, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Free energy calculations based on molecular dynamics simulations offer a quantitative assessment of biomolecule binding and stability. This chapter discusses accurately estimating the free energy differences employing nonequilibrium alchemy. We cover the theoretical background, technical aspects of free energy simulations, and practical frameworks of efficient simulation set-up. The chapter also details several examples of large-scale quantitative estimations of binding free energy, including protein-ligand, protein-protein, and protein-nucleic acid binding. Overall, we provide a comprehensive guide to state-of-the-art simulation methods for accurate free energy calculations in the field of molecular biophysics and computational chemistry.

Keywords

Free energy calculations
Molecular dynamics
Drug design
Protein design
Thermostability
Ligand binding
Alchemical transitions
Non-equilibrium methods
Crooks Fluctuation Theorem

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