Tracking Photothermal Heat Generation in ITO Nanocrystals and its Dissipation to their Surrounding Environment

05 May 2025, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystals can readily transduce infrared light into heat for applications in catalysis, therapeutics, and soft robotics. Here, we investigate photothermal pathways in oleate-capped tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanocrystals dispersed in toluene, mapping heat transfer dynamics from the ITO lattice to its surface and surrounding solvent. Using rhodamine B dyes adhered to nanocrystal surfaces and toluene as temperature probes, we track photothermal heat dissipation via transient absorption spectroscopy. We find heat transfer from ITO nanocrystals to surface-adsorbed molecules unfolds over tens of picoseconds, followed by heat dissipation into the surrounding solvent over hundreds of picoseconds. We have developed a theoretical model that quantitatively reproduces these kinetics and identifies nanocrystal surface-to-solvent heat transfer as the primary bottleneck in heat dissipation. These insights advance our understanding of nanoscale heat transport involving ITO nanocrystals and offer insights into how to design these materials for heat-driven applications.

Keywords

Ultrafast Spectroscopy
Heat Transport
Doped Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Photoinduced Heating
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
Optical and Infrared Spectroscopy

Supplementary materials

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Title
Supporting Information for "Tracking Photothermal Heat Generation in ITO Nanocrystals and its Dissipation to their Surrounding Environment"
Description
Detailed methods for the preparation of ITO NC solutions and thin films; Discussion of steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy methods used to characterize ITO NC samples and approaches used to fit transient kinetics captured in time-resolved measurements; Description of the two-interface model used to describe the dissipation of heat by ITO NCs to their environment.
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