Hydrogen activation by a σσ*-carbene through quantum tunneling

26 March 2025, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

The electronic structure of carbenes arises from the occupation of a σ and a π frontier orbital. While parent methylene possesses a triplet ground state (σ1π1), substituents are capable of stabilizing the singlet (σ2π0 or σ0π2) by altering the frontier orbital energies. Here, we reveal that the 1,2[I]-shift isomer of 2-iodopyridine, the N-iodo Hammick intermediate, features a resonance between its carbene σ and N–I bond σ* orbitals, rendering them frontier orbitals. This singlet carbene is efficiently generated via UV photolysis of 2-iodopyridine in solid neon at 4.4 K and reacts with molecular hydrogen − but not deuterium − via N–I bond cleavage enabled by quantum tunnelling. Our findings introduce an unprecedented carbene class, unlocking new opportunities for reactivity and electronic structure explorations.

Keywords

Carbenes
quantum tunnelling
hydrogen activation

Supplementary materials

Title
Description
Actions
Title
Supplementary Materials for Hydrogen activation by a σσ*-carbene through quantum tunnelling
Description
additional IR and UV/vis spectra, computational data, IR spectroscopy data, cartesian coordinates and energies, instanton theory computations
Actions

Comments

Comments are not moderated before they are posted, but they can be removed by the site moderators if they are found to be in contravention of our Commenting Policy [opens in a new tab] - please read this policy before you post. Comments should be used for scholarly discussion of the content in question. You can find more information about how to use the commenting feature here [opens in a new tab] .
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy [opens in a new tab] and Terms of Service [opens in a new tab] apply.