Synthesis of 1,3-bis-trifluoromethylated-(hetero)cyclohexane-2-carboxylates

Reported herein is a method for syn-selective 1,3-bis-trifluoromethylation of (hetero)cycloalkylidene-malononitriles. The malononitrile-containing intermediate can be readily converted into carboxylates (and derivatives thereof) by oxidative decyanation. The products of this two-step sequence are 1,3-bis-trifluoromethylated, and thus physico-chemically-altered, analogs of common (hetero)cyclohexane carboxylate. This study includes optimization of the bis-trifluoromethylation reaction, scope studies, synthesis of various new bis-trifluoromethylated (hetero)cycloalkane carboxylates, representative transformations relevant to pharmaceutical synthesis, mechanistic studies, and some computational analyses of the newly accessible scaffolds.