Optically-Directed Bubble Printing of MXenes on Flexible Substrates Toward MXene-Enabled Wearable Electronics and Strain Sensors

24 February 2025, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

This study presents the use of laser-driven microbubbles for micro-patterning Ti3C2TX MXenes on flexible polyethylene terephthalate films, yielding conductive micropatterns without the need for pre- or post-processing. Characterization of the electrical properties under varying strain conditions revealed distinct responses; resistance decreased under compressive strain and increased under tensile strain, demonstrating their potential as strain sensors. The patterns maintained functional integrity over 1000 cycles of bending, with a significant increase in resistance observed under tensile strain (61.6%) compared to compressive strain (11.3%). In addition, narrower MXene lines exhibited greater strain sensitivity, while broader lines were more robust. This work underscores the potential of bubble printing as an effective approach for printing conductive micropatterns, and emphasizes its potential for substantial advances in wearable technology, flexible electronics, and strain sensing technologies.

Keywords

Directed assembly
Laser printing
Strain sensing
Flexible electronics
MXenes
Nanoparticle assembly
2D Materials

Supplementary materials

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Supporting Information
Description
Detailed methods; XRD spectrum of Ti3C2TX; additional SEM images of intact and damaged patterns; zoom in of IV characteristics for applied compressive strain; additional spectrum of stress test for tensile strain and response curves within a single cycle of bending for the first cycle; spectra for compressive strain tests of different line width.
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