Testing of particulate photocatalysts for water splitting

Light-driven water splitting using particulate photocatalysts could enable low-cost production of solar fuels, if sufficiently active, stable and efficient catalysts are developed. However, to enable continuous progress in this direction, it is crucial that photocatalysts are tested using reproducible and insightful experimental protocols. Herein, we describe a simple protocol that also works with small reaction volumes, allowing for explorative testing of photocatalysts that are only available in limited amounts. At the same time, all crucial experimental parameters (e.g. reaction temperature, irradiation intensity) are precisely measured and controlled and reaction products, such as oxygen, can be measured in situ. The protocol covers preparation of the photocatalyst dispersion, details regarding the experimental set- up, the procedure for irradiation experiments, measurement of product formation (for oxygen, hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide) and corresponding data analysis.