Rivers at Risk: A Comprehensive Review of Human-Induced Pollution and Its Seasonal Variation.

The worldwide deficiency of clean water is common for both developed and developing countries. Current time reports claims, Municipal solid waste from India estimated to contribute 10% waste leakage to world’s rivers till 2020, according to study. Future scenarios where population growth is high, but urbanization slow, India and China will face great leakage into rivers due to rural population close to water courses throughout 2025. A little over half of India’s 603 rivers were found to be polluted by the Central Pollution Control Board in 2022.This same issue stretches out to districts inside nations, like the Indian territory of Uttarakhand, known for its perfect climate however presently confronting extreme water quality issues. The proposed review utilizing multivariate factual procedures viewed that as 90% of water tests from Doon were contaminated. Rising populations, industrialization, and urbanization have expanded the interest for clean water, strengthening this emergency. This review study broke down river water quality in Uttarakhand across various seasons — summer, winter, and monsoon. The outcomes were contrasted with norms set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Indian Standard Institute (ISI), and the World Health Organization (WHO). Various parameters like Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Ammonia-N, Chloride, Sulfate, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Electrical Conductivity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, temperature, E. coli, pH level, Dissolved Oxygen, and Turbidity were measured and analyzed. Study will demonstrate requirement for vigorous systems to safeguard water assets and safeguard general wellbeing, highlighting the basic requirement for composed worldwide endeavors to address the water emergency.