Laser Cleaning Technologies in Industry: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Directions for Sustainable Surface Treatment

Laser cleaning is transforming surface treatment across industries by providing a precise, efficient, and eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods. Using focused laser beams, it removes contaminants, coatings, and corrosion from materials such as metals, plastics, and ceramics through ablation, evaporation, and thermal shock. Key parameters like wavelength, power, and scanning speed must be optimized to ensure safety and effectiveness. The technology's versatility spans applications from aerospace manufacturing to artifact restoration, offering sustainable, waste-minimizing solutions. Advances in handheld systems and AI-driven optimization are expanding its use in shipbuilding, automotive maintenance, and beyond. With ongoing research enhancing performance and adaptability, laser cleaning is set to become a cornerstone of sustainable industrial and conservation practices.