Strategies for organic pollutants analysis: a global overview to start your LC method development.

13 January 2025, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

The detection and identification of unknown organic pollutants in complex environmental and household samples remains a significant challenge. This review focuses on the LC-MS analysis of three major classes of compounds: pesticides, household products, and colorants, which are often poorly analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and benefit significantly from Liquid Chromatography (LC) analysis. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the development of robust and efficient LC methods for the untargeted analysis of complex environmental and household samples. Initiating LC method development for the analysis of unknown compounds can be challenging, as LC parameters must be adapted to a wide range of compounds while ensuring good resolution of similar pollutants. By analyzing a vast amount of literature, we have identified and classified key LC parameters, including stationary phase selection, mobile phase composition, gradient elution profiles, and detection methods, that are crucial for robust wide-range LC analysis. To illustrate the practical application of this bibliographic classification, we have extracted a consensus LC-MS method designed to emphasize broad applicability for the compounds of interest. As a proof of concept, this method has been successfully applied to a diverse set of model compounds, demonstrating its versatility and effectiveness even within complex and "dirty" samples.

Keywords

Untargeted analysis
Liquid chromatography
Organic pollutants
Unknown compounds
Pesticides
Household Products
Colorants

Supplementary materials

Title
Description
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Materials and Methods
Description
Chemicals, sample preparation, HPLC and MS conditions for the experimental data presented Section 3.3.
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Table S1: LC parameters from literature review
Description
Summarized key LC parameters from literature review to facilitate the development of LC-based methods for analyzing pesticides, household products, and colorants. Tables are organized by compound class and subgroup, providing valuable insights into the optimal LC conditions for different analytes.
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Table S2: MS and MS2 ions of the chosen model compounds
Description
MS and MS2 ions for each of the chosen model compounds for method development (cf Table 3). The table includes the experimentally observed ions with our method as well as ions mentioned in mzCloud spectral library or bibliography.
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