Nanotechnology and Biopolymers: A Perfect Synergy for Modern Applications

This review comprehensively explores biodegradable polymer-based nanocomposites and their diverse applications, including water purification, environmental remediation, and hydrogen production. A detailed scientometric analysis highlights key trends and developments in biopolymers such as cellulose and chitosan. These biopolymers can be functionalized or conjugated with advanced materials like metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, zeolites, perovskites, covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), and MXenes. The resulting biopolymer/nanoparticle composites exhibit remarkable multifunctional properties, making them highly suitable for industrial-scale production and integration into modern technologies. Nanocellulose, in particular, has emerged as a promising material for enabling advanced fabrication techniques, such as integrating MOFs into commercial products via three-dimensional (3D) printing. This review highlights these materials' potential to revolutionize sustainability and green technology applications, offering innovative solutions for critical challenges in various sectors.