Particulates and Gaseous Emission from Indian Agricultural Sector and Health Burden Attributable to Agricultural PM2.5

The agricultural sector significantly contributes to atmospheric pollution, impacting air quality through activities such as tillage, planting, fertilizer application, harvesting, crop residue burning (CRB), and grain handling. The outcome of this work is the docu- mentation of emission inventory of particulates (PM10 and PM2.5) and gaseous emission (SO2, CO, NOx, NH3, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) from the agricultural industry. Further the emission of EC, OC, and (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) PAHs, which are part of particulate matter (PM), were calculated along with green- house gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) coming from the agricultural sector for 2021, with projections for 2051. Total greenhouse gas emission in 2021 were 377 Tg, while PM10 and PM2.5 emissions were approximately 2.5 Tg and 1.1 Tg, respectively. The health impact of agricultural PM2.5 was quantified, revealing an estimated approximately 4 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and 0.14 million deaths attributable to these emissions in 2021. The findings highlight the urgent need for technological advancements to reduce emissions at their source, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices. This study provides critical data for policymakers to address air quality and health challenges. Furthermore, the emission inventory developed will serve as a valuable resource for researchers conducting air quality modeling and environmental impact assessments. Synopsis: Emission inventory for various agricultural activities is not yet available for India. This study of aggregation of emission inventory for India supports efforts to improve public health, reduce pollution, and promote long-term sustainability in agriculture.