Graphene—Structure, and Synthesis Techniques: A Comprehensive

Graphene is a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. Graphene has attracted tremendous attention due to its exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Graphene was considered a ”wonder material” immediately after its discovery because it was deemed capa- ble of bringing drastic changes to many fields. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the atomic structure of graphene, its bonding, and the physical characteristics that have positioned this material as one of the most studied during the past two decades. Further, we discuss recent synthesis techniques including CVD and electrochemical exfoliation and detail the advantages and limitations of each with regard to scalable production. The following review further discusses the vast applications of graphene, from electronics to energy storage, involving production challenges and further improvements that could be achieved in the future. This collection is meant to serve as a starting point for researchers interested in the complications and opportunities brought about by graphene in today’s technologies.