Beyond Natural Dyes: Embracing Sustainable Innovations in Industrial Textile Dyeing

The textile dyeing industry is a major contributor to environmental pollution, necessitating the development of more sustainable dyeing processes. This review examines recent advancements in eco-friendly dyeing technologies, including improvements in natural dye extraction, the develop-ment of synthetic dyeing methods, and emerging innovations such as plasma technology, digital textile printing with biodegradable inks, and microbial dyeing. While natural dyes face challenges like variability and high production costs, new technologies which use synthetic dyes yet eco-friendly offer more consistent and scalable solutions. This paper highlights the limitations and potential of these methods, emphasizing the need for further research to address cost, scalability, and environmental impact. By reviewing these advancements, this paper aims to provide a com-prehensive understanding of the current state of eco-friendly dyeing technologies and suggest di-rections for future research to achieve broader industrial adoption and sustainability in textile dyeing.