Deciphering the Stacking Language of Honeycomb Bilayer Materials: A Comprehensive Review of Groups 13 to 15

Research into two-dimensional materials and their stacking configurations has experienced a considerable upswing in recent years. Experimental and theoretical exploration of various forms of stacking has revealed unexpected phenomena. However, one of the significant challenges in the study of layered structures is the nomenclature used in the literature, which is sometimes ambiguous, makes comparison between different systems difficult, and can inadvertently lead to the omission of specific stackings. This review addresses the need for a unified framework for understanding and categorizing the stacking arrangements of bilayer honeycomb materials consisting of elements from Groups 13 to 15. We used a uniform ABC notation to standardize the nomenclature and facilitate comparative literature analysis, but also examine their limitations and emphasise the need for JAM notation.