Unveiling Groundwater Quality in Bilaspur City: Statistical Insights and Physicochemical Analysis

Water is a vital natural resource for all living things, ecological systems, human health, food production, and economic growth. Chemical and microbiological pollutants endanger the safety of drinking water and cause major health problems. Therefore, water quality must be ensured by routine testing for both kinds of contaminants. In this research, comprehensive statistical analyses to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of groundwater are employed. Groundwater samples were collected from four Selected Areas of Bilaspur City, Chhattisgarh, India. The Water indexes parameters such as pH, Total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, alkalinity, chloride (Cl-1), fluoride (F-1), calcium, magnesium, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) are observed on the post-monsoon season with Standard methods and compared with IS: 10500 standards established by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for drinking water in India. The findings reveal generally favourable water quality, with slight variations observed in some values. Post-statistical measures such as Pearson Correlation and Descriptive Statistics are applied to explore the significant relationships among various variables and to provide a deeper understanding of the interplay between different parameters. The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring to safeguard groundwater resources. It proposes future research to investigate factors influencing groundwater quality and assess the efficacy of remediation strategies in specific areas.