The Hydrogen Evolution Activity of BaZrS3, BaTiS3, and BaVS3 Chalcogenide Perovskites

Chalcogenide perovskites are a class of materials with electronic and optoelectronic properties desirable for solar cells, infrared optics, and computing. The oxide counterparts of these chalcogenides have been studied extensively for electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical characteristics. As chalcogenide perovskites are more covalent, conductive, and stable, we hypothesize that they are more viable as electrocatalysts than oxide perovskites. The goal of this first synthetic, experimental, and computational study is to examine the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of three Barium-based chalcogenides in perovskite and related structures: BaZrS3, BaTiS3, and BaVS3. Potential energy surfaces for hydrogen adsorption on surfaces of these materials are calculated using density functional theory and the computational hydrogen electrode model is used to contrast overpotentials with experiment. Although both experiments and computations agree that BaVS3 is the most active of the three materials, high overpotentials of these materials make them less viable than platinum for HER. Our work establishes a framework for future studies in the chemical and electrochemical properties of chalcogenide perovksites.