Towards sustainable reprocessable structural composites: benzoxazines as biobased matrices for natural fibers

12 December 2023, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

In this work, we synthesized and investigated three fully biobased benzoxazine matrices containing exchangeable ester bonds for natural fiber composites. The thermoset properties were investigated and the transesterification behavior was assessed. The obtained polymers show high tunability. Using isosorbide as the starting building block, the thermoset exhibits a glass transition of 130 °C, a bending modulus of 2.5 GPa, and thermal stability leading to degradation occurring after 270 °C with 31% char at 800 °C. All formulations stress relax under catalyst-free conditions within an hour with properties recovery superior to 80%. Finally, flax composites were manufactured. We highlight strong affinities between the matrices and the fibers through high mechanical performances with a modulus over 30 GPa and stress at break of 400 MPa in the longitudinal direction. 5 GPa modulus and 47 MPa stress at break were found in the transverse direction. Excellent fire retardancy properties, with self-extinguishment and UL-94 V1 classification were obtained for the isosorbide-based/flax composite. The obtained composites were able to be welded with comparable results to glued ones, paving the way to processable laminates and stable cured prepreg perfectly suited for transportation-engineered applications.

Keywords

Polymer Matrix Composites
Natural Fiber Composites
Resins
Covalent Adaptive Networks
Benzoxazines

Supplementary materials

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Description
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Supporting Information
Description
Monomer synthesis protocol and results, Additional results
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