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Abstract
The biodegradability of graphene family materials (GFMs) in the environment and organisms is little understood to estimate their fate and possible byproducts. Herein, for the first time, we explored the biodegradability of multilayer fullerenes or carbon nano-onions (CNOs) by treating with human myeloperoxidase (hMPO) isolated from the neutrophils and plant enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and photo-Fenton (PF) reaction under UV-light irradiation. High-resolution electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mass spectrometry results confirmed that CNOs are not biopersistent. These results will be useful in understanding the fate of CNOs and designing their biomedical applications.
Supplementary materials
Title
Biodegradability of Carbon Nano-Onions by Human Myeloperoxidase and the Photo-Fenton Reaction
Description
Synthesis of pristine CNOs (p-CNOs) and oxidized CNOs (ox-CNOs)
First, both the p-CNOs and ox-CNOs were synthesized according to our previous reports.1-3 The pristine CNOs (average diameter of 5 to 8 nm consisting of 6 to 10 graphitic carbon shells) were synthesized by commercially available detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) thermal annealing at 1650 oC under the positive pressure of He as precursors following our previous report.1-3 Next, ox-CNOs were obtained by treating with the strong acid, HNO3 (3M), under reflux conditions at 110 oC for 48 h as shown schematically in the below scheme
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