Cerium Phosphate-Assisted Formation of Nucleosides and Nucleotides from Formamide in a One-Pot (Photo)catalytic Reaction

The abiotic formation of nucleotides from small, simple molecules is of large interest in the context of elucidating the origin of life scenario. In what follows it is shown that nucleosides and nucleotides can be formed from formamide in a one-pot reaction utilizing the mineral Cerium Phosphate (CePO4) as both a photocatalyst, a catalyst and a reactant that supplies the necessary phosphate groups. While the most abundant RNA / DNA building blocks were thymidine and thymidine monophosphate, considerable yield of other building blocks such as cytidine, cytidine monophosphate and adenosine cyclic monophosphate were found. Comparing the yield of nucleosides and nucleotides under light conditions to that in the dark suggests that in the presence of cerium phosphate, light promotes the formation of nucleobases, whereas the formation of nucleotides from nucleosides from nucleobases can take place even in the absence of light.