A Review on Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction using Nanomaterial

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction using nanomaterials has emerged as a promising approach for addressing the global challenge of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This abstract provides an overview of recent advancements and key findings in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction using nanomaterials. Various nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, metal oxides, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and semiconductors, have been investigated for their photocatalytic activity towards CO2 reduction. These nanomaterials possess unique properties such as high surface area, short charge transfer pathways, and tunable band gaps, enabling efficient absorption of solar energy and generation of electron-hole pairs. However, challenges such as charge carrier recombination, low surface area, and low electrical conductivity hinder the photocatalytic activity of some nanomaterials. To overcome these limitations, modifications and doping strategies have been employed to enhance their photocatalytic performance. These modifications include surface functionalization, co-catalyst deposition, and incorporation of carbon-based materials. Size-dependent effects have been observed, where nanoparticles of optimal sizes exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the choice of solvent and reaction conditions plays a crucial role in achieving high selectivity and efficiency in CO2 reduction. Selective reduction products, including methane (CH4), methanol (CH3OH), formaldehyde (HCHO), and formic acid (HCOOH), can be obtained depending on the catalyst and reaction conditions.