Novel Optimization of Psidium guajava Antibacterial Activity for Drug Discovery and Development

Developing a new antibiotic is difficult, with an estimated failure rate of 95%, a minor change in chemical structure (stereochemistry, geometry, functional group, removal of groups, derivative information, reduction, oxidation, hydrogenation, salt formation, chelate formation, etc) may modify a drug medicinal activity. Rather focusing on isolation and concentration of the bioactive molecules in medicinal plants extracts which in most cases not effective against drug resistant pathogens, other synthetic reactions can be done with the crude medicinal plant extract before its isolation, concentration and purification. This study aim to develop new strategy(s) for optimizing antimicrobial properties of guava leave extract by simple reactions, either by self-reaction or combination reactions with a reagent/a drug/a different plant extract. Seven (7) different combinatory samples were prepared, FTIR analysis revealed conjugation and formation of new functional group(s) which was further confirmed by weight analysis of the prepared samples, two preparations successfully inhibit the growth of drug resistant clinical isolates of S.aureus and E.Coli making the two preparations a broad spectrum antimicrobial, thus, showing that reacting plant extract alone or with another compound using an acid or alkali can effectively optimize its antimicrobial activities. Considering the availability and vast types of natural products present in medicinal plants, Exploring this method in antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anticancer drug discovery will create a new pathway for overcoming drug resistance threat worldwide.