Hydrogen sulfide-releasing nanocascade templated by glucose oxidase for diabetic infection treatment

Diabetic ulcer receives much attention in recent years due to its high incidence and mortality, promoting the scientific community to develop various strategies for such chronic disease treatments. However, the therapeutic outcome of these approaches is highly compromised by the invasive bacteria and severe inflammatory ulcer microenvironment. To overcome these dilemmas, microenvironment-responsive self-delivery GOx@MnS nanoparticles (NPs) are developed by a one-step biomineralization. When encountered with high glucose level in the ulcer site, GOx catalyze glucose to decrease the local pH and trigger the steady release of both manganese ions (Mn2+) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Mn2+ react with hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radical for the elimination of bacterial infection, meanwhile H2S is able to suppress the inflammatory response and accelerate diabetic wound healing through macrophage polarization. The excellent biocompatibility, strong bactericidal activity, and considerable immunomodulatory effect promise GOx@MnS NPs great therapeutic potential for diabetic wound treatment.