Matrix of Orthogonalized Atomic Orbital Coefficients Representation for Radicals and Ions

20 March 2023, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Chemical (molecular, quantum) machine learning relies on representing molecules in unique and informative ways. Here, we present matrix of orthogonalized atomic orbital coefficients (MAOC) as a quantum-inspired molecular and atomic representation containing both structural (composition and geometry) and electronic (charge and spin multiplicity) information. MAOC is based on a cost-effective localization scheme that represents localized orbitals via a predefined set of atomic orbitals. The latter can be constructed from such small atom-centered basis sets as pcseg-0 and STO-3G in conjunction with guess (non-optimized) electronic configuration of the molecule. Importantly, MAOC is suitable for representing monatomic, molecular, and periodic systems, and can distinguish compounds with identical compositions and geometries but distinct charges and spin multiplicities. Using principal component analysis, we constructed a more compact but equally powerful version of MAOC – PCX-MAOC. To test the performance of full and reduced MAOC and several other representations (CM, SOAP, SLATM, and SPAHM), we used a kernel ridge regression machine learning model to predict frontier molecular orbital energy levels and ground state single-point energies for chemically diverse neutral and charged, closed- and open-shell molecules from an extended QM7b dataset, as well as two new datasets, N-HPC-1 (N-heteropolycycles) and REDOX (nitroxyl and phenoxyl radicals, carbonyl and cyano compounds). MAOC affords accuracy that is either similar or superior to other representations for a range of chemical properties and systems.

Keywords

molecular representation
quantum machine learning
redox-active molecule
redox
heteropolycycle
density functional theory
molecular orbital

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