Modulating the lifetime of DNA motifs using visible light and small molecules

Here we regulate the formation of dissipative assemblies built from DNA using a merocyanine photoacid that responds to visible light. The operation of our system, and the relative distribution of species within it, are controlled by irradiation time, initial pH value, and the concentration of a small molecule binder that inhibits the reaction cycle. This approach is modular, does not require DNA modification, and can be used for several DNA sequences and lengths. Our system design allows for waste-free control of dissipative DNA nanotechnology, towards the generation of non-equilibrium, life-like nanodevices.