Targeting transthyretin in Alzheimer’s disease: drug discovery of small-molecule chaperones as disease-modifying drug candidates for Alzheimer’s disease

05 July 2021, Version 1

Abstract

Transthyretin (TTR) has a well-established role in neuroprotection, evidenced in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). By targeting TTR we have setup a drug discovery program of small-molecule compounds that act as chaperones, enhancing TTR/ amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) interactions. In a first stage, we carried out two computational drug repurposing approaches. In a second stage, the computationally selected compounds were assessed for their ability to bind and stabilize the TTR tetramer, using thyroxine displacement tests, and by assessing the level of monomers, respectively. In a third stage, the selected 53 best performing molecules were run through our in-house validated high-throughput screening ternary test. By targeting TTR in our AD drug discovery program, small-molecule chaperones (SMCs) have been discovered, providing the basis for a novel target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based on their enhancement of the TTR/Abeta interaction. Among the SMCs, we have found our lead small-molecule compound Iododiflunisal (IDIF), a molecule in the discovery phase, one investigational drug (luteolin), and 3 marketed drugs (sulindac, olsalazine and flufenamic), which could be directly repurposed or repositioned for clinical use. Importantly, we found that not all TTR tetramer stabilizers are good SMCs in vitro, emphasizing the importance of our discovery program. A small set of these SMCs will be prioritized to enter preclinical safety studies, to validate TTR as a target in vivo, and to select one repurposed drug as a candidate to enter clinical trials for AD. We envisage that this new target will feed the currently exhausted pipeline of drugs in phase I for AD with the goal of increasing AD disease-modifying therapies.

Keywords

Targeting transthyretin
small molecule chaperones (SMCs)
AD drug discovery
transthyretin tetramer stability
transthyretin / Aβ interaction
HTS screening
protein-protein interactions
repurposing
multi-target screening
computational screening
Alzheimer’s disease
AD disease-modifying drugs

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Comment number 1, susan joseph: Jun 09, 2025, 16:37

I was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease four years ago. For over two years, I followed the standard medical treatments, including several medications, but unfortunately, my symptoms continued to worsen. Memory loss, confusion, and difficulty concentrating became more frequent, and my daily functioning started to decline rapidly. Last year, out of both hope and desperation, I decided to try herbal treatment program from NaturePath Herbal Clinic. Honestly, I was skeptical at first—but within a few months of starting the treatment, I began to notice real changes. My clarity improved, I could recall things more easily, and I felt more present and engaged in everyday life. It’s been a truly life-changing experience. I feel more like myself again—better than I have in years. If you or a loved one is living with Alzheimer’s, I genuinely recommend exploring their natural approach. You can visit their website at www.naturepathherbalclinic.com.