Optical Spectroscopy of Crystal Nucleation One Nucleus at a Time

11 May 2021, Version 2
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Crystallization is an important process in a wide range of disciplines from fundamental science to industrial application. Despite the importance of controlling the crystallization and its morphology (e.g. polymorphism), the lack of microscopic description of crystal nucleation often limits the rational approach to its engineering and control. The biggest challenge to experimentally track the nucleus formation is the stochastic and heterogeneous nature of the nucleation occurring at nanometer scale. To overcome this challenge, we developed a method we call “Single Nucleus Spectroscopy” or SNS and use it to follow the formation of single crystal glycine nucleus by Raman spectroscopy at 46 ms time resolution. The spectral evolution was analyzed by non-supervised spectral decomposition algorithm which unraveled the Raman spectrum of prenucleation aggregates. In order to gain microscopic insights into the structure of these aggregates we have established a direct comparison between the experiments and theoretical works. The outcome of our analysis is a new hypothesis of glycine crystal nucleation mechanism.

Keywords

Crystallization
prenucleation aggregates
Single nucleus spectroscopy (SNS)
in-situ Raman microspectroscopy
Optical trapping induced crystallization
Molecular dynamics simulation
Quantum Chemistry calculation
glycine crystallization

Supplementary materials

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Optical spectroscopy of crystal nucleation at single nucleus at a time SI v2
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