The {FeO2}8 Intermediate of the TxtE Nitration Pathway Resists Reduction, Facilitating Its Reaction with Nitric Oxide

28 January 2021, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

TxtE is a cytochome P450 (CYP) homolog that mediates a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent direct nitration of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) to form 4-nitrotryptophan (4-NO2-l-Trp). This nitrated product is a precursor for thaxtomin A, a virulence factor produced by plant-pathogenic bacteria that causes the disease potato scab. A recent study provided the first characterization of intermediates along the TxtE nitration pathway.1 The authors’ accumulated evidence supported a mechanism in which O2 binds to FeII TxtE to form an {FeO2}8 intermediate, which subsequently reacted with NO to ultimately form FeIII TxtE and 4-NO2-l-Trp. Typical CYP mechanisms reduce and protonate the {FeO2}8 intermediate to form a ferric-hydroperoxo species (FeIII–OOH) en route to formation of the active oxidant compound I. The previously reported lack of hydroxylated tryptophan resulting from TxtE turnover suggests that the TxtE cycle must stall at the {FeO2}8 intermediate to avoid hydroxylation. Here we present LC-MS experiments showing suggesting that TxtE can hydroxylate l-Trp by the peroxide shunt but not via reduction of the {FeO2}8 intermediate. Comparison of stopped-flow time courses in the presence and absence of excess reducing equivalents and common CYP electron transfer partners shown no spectral or kinetic evidence for reduction of the {FeO2}8 intermediate. Furthermore, the electron coupling efficiency of TB14—a self-sufficient TxtE variant with C-terminal reductase domain—to form 4-NO2-l-Trp exhibits a 3% electron coupling efficiency when it is loaded with one reducing equivalent. This efficiency increases by 2-fold when TB14 is loaded with two or four reducing equivalents. This observation provides further evidence for our key conclusion that the TxtE {FeO2}8 intermediate resists reduction. The resistance of the {FeO2}8 intermediate to reduction is a key feature of TxtE, enabling reaction with NO and efficient nitration turnover.

Keywords

Nitric oxide
Metalloenzymology
natural product
nitration mixture
Streptomyces

Comments

Comments are not moderated before they are posted, but they can be removed by the site moderators if they are found to be in contravention of our Commenting Policy [opens in a new tab] - please read this policy before you post. Comments should be used for scholarly discussion of the content in question. You can find more information about how to use the commenting feature here [opens in a new tab] .
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy [opens in a new tab] and Terms of Service [opens in a new tab] apply.