Non-Equilibrium Generation of Catalytic Supramolecular Polymers of Pre-RNA Nucleobases

12 January 2021, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Bioenergetics played critical roles for the chemical emergence of life where available energy resources drove the generation of primitive polymers and fueled early metabolism. Further, apart from information storage, the catalytic roles of primitive nucleic acid fragments have also been argued to be important for biopolymer evolution. Herein, we have demonstrated the non-equilibrium generation of catalytic supramolecular polymers of a possible proto-RNA building block (melamine) driven by a thermodynamically activated ester of low molecular weight. We utilized reversible covalent linkage to install a catalytic imidazole moiety in the polymer backbone. This resulted in energy dissipation via hydrolysis of the substrate predominantly from the assembled state and subsequent disassembly, thus installing kinetic asymmetry in the energy consumption cycle. Non-catalytic analogues led to kinetically stable polymers while inactivated substrates were unable to drive the polymerization. The non-equilibrium polymers of the pre-RNA bases were capable to spatiotemporally bind to a model cofactor. Notably, presence of an exogenous aromatic base augmented the stability of the polymers, reminiscent to what the molecular midwives did during early evolution.

Keywords

Origin of life
Systems Chemistry
Kinetic Asymmetry
Protobiopolymers
supramolecular catalysis
supramolecular chemistry
Non-equilibrium self assembly
Dissipative Self assembly
dynamic kinetic stability
RNA ancestors

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