Excited-State Electronic Structure of Molecules Using Many-Body Green's Functions: Quasiparticles and Electron-Hole Excitations with VOTCA-XTP

31 December 2019, Version 1
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

We present the open-source VOTCA-XTP software for the calculation of the excited-state electronic structure of molecules using many-body Green’s functions theory in the GW approximation with the Bethe–Salpeter Equation (BSE). This work provides a summary of the underlying theory and discusses details of its implementation based on Gaussian orbitals, including, i.a., resolution-of-identity techniques, different approaches to the frequency integration of the self-energy or acceleration by offloading compute-intensive matrix operations using GPUs in a hybrid OpenMP/Cuda scheme. A distinctive feature of VOTCA-XTP is the capability to couple the calculation of electronic excitations to a classical polarizable environment on atomistic level in a coupled quantum- and molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) scheme, where a complex morphology can be imported from Molecular Dynamics simulations. The capabilities and limitations of the GW -BSE implementation are illustrated with two examples. First, we study the dependence of optically active electron-hole excitations in a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based oligomers on molecular-architecture modifications and the number of repeat units. Second, we use the GW -BSE/MM setup to investigate the effect of polarization on localized and intermolecular charge-transfer excited states in morphologies of low-donor content rubrene-fullerene mixtures. These showcases demonstrate that our implementation currently allows to treat systems with up to 2500 basis functions on regular shared-memory workstations, providing accurate descriptions of quasiparticle and coupled electron-hole excited states of various character on an equal footing.

Keywords

Excited States Energies
Electronic Structure
exciton

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