Computationally-Guided Investigation of Dual Amine/pi Lewis Acid Catalysts for Direct Additions of Aldehydes and Ketones to Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes

21 January 2020, Version 2
This content is a preprint and has not undergone peer review at the time of posting.

Abstract

Dual amine/pi Lewis acid catalyst systems have been reported for intramolecular direct additions of aldehydes/ketones to unactivated alkynes and occasionally alkenes, but related intermolecular reactions are rare and not presently of significant synthetic utility, likely due to undesired coordination of enamine intermediates to the metal catalyst. We reasoned that bulky metal ligands and bulky amine catalysts could minimize catalyst poisoning and could facilitate certain examples of direct intermolecular additions of aldehyde/ketones to alkenes/alkynes. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed that suggested that PyBOX-Pt(II) catalysts for alkene/alkyne activation could be combined with MacMillan’s imidazolidinone organocatalyst for aldehyde/ketone activation to facilitate desirable C-C bond formations, and certain reactions were calculated to be more exergonic than catalyst poisoning pathways. As calculated, preformed enamines generated from the MacMillan imidazolidinone did not displace ethylene from a biscationic (t-Bu)PyBOX-Pt2+complex, but neither were the desired C-C bond formations observed under several different conditions.

Keywords

Density Functional Theory calculations
catalyst design
Dual Catalysis
organocatalysis
platinum
alkene
alkyne
enamine

Supplementary materials

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Title
2019 12 19 Dual catalysis SI
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